Glossary

A small shutoff valve installed at the water supply stub to control water flow to a fixture. (Section C-1.2)

Drawings that provide room dimensions, fixture arrangements, and building materials, serving as a primary reference for rough-in work. (Section C-1.2)

The rear edge of a bathtub that is supported by a horizontal ledge to provide stability and prevent movement. (Section C-1.2)

A plumbing device designed to prevent contaminated water from flowing back into the clean water supply. (Section C-2.1)

Support materials (e.g., plywood, lumber, metal) installed behind finished walls to secure fixtures like lavatories and shower curtain rods. (Section C-1.2)

When dirty water flows backward into clean water pipes by accident. This can happen if water pressure drops, like when a water main breaks or a lot of water is used at once. It can let harmful stuff, like bacteria or chemicals, get into the drinking water supply. (Section C-2.2)

A refrigeration unit used to store and cool beer, sometimes equipped with a glass rinser for preparing glasses before pouring. (Section C-2.1)

A device that raises water temperature, often used in high-temperature dishwashers to ensure proper sanitization. (Section C-2.1)

Metal brackets used to support wall-hung fixtures, ensuring they are securely attached to the wall structure. (Section C-1.2)

Steel frames used to provide additional support for fixtures such as wall-hung water closets, especially for persons with disabilities. (Section C-1.2)

A type of faucet that control the flow of water using a cartridge inside. The cartridge is a small, replaceable part that moves to let water flow in or out when you turn the handle. These faucets are easy to use and can help control both the temperature and the amount of water that comes out. (Section C-1.1)

Reference lines used in plumbing rough-in to accurately position piping and fixture supports. (Section C-1.2)

The minimum space required between fixtures and walls or other structures, as regulated by codes and specifications. (Section C-1.2)

A type of toilet where the tank and the bowl are joined closely together as one unit. The water tank sits right on top of the bowl, making it compact and easy to install. (Section C-1.1)

A fitting that connects the water closet to the waste pipe, ensuring a secure connection. (Section C-1.2)

(Washing Machine); A household appliance that washes laundry using water, detergent, and an internal agitation mechanism. (Section C-2.1)

A strong material made by mixing crushed natural stone with glue or resin. It looks like real stone but is made in factories and is often used for countertops, floors, and walls. (Section C-1.1)

A type of faucet that works by turning the handles to press down on washers inside the faucet. This creates a seal that stops the water from flowing. When you turn the handle, it lifts the washer to allow water to flow, and when you turn it back, the washer closes to stop the water. These faucets are commonly found in older sinks. (Section C-1.1)

A plumbing connection method that uses a nut and ferrule to create a watertight seal on supply lines. (Section C-1.2)

When metals slowly get damaged or worn away because of reactions with air, water, or other substances. A common example is rust forming on iron when it gets wet. (Section C-1.1)

A specialized plumbing fitting that prevents galvanic corrosion between different metal pipes. (Section C-2.2)

An electrical and mechanical appliance that cleans dishes by spraying them with hot water and detergent, followed by rinsing and drying cycles. (Section C-2.1)

A flexible tube that connects a dishwasher to a drainage system to remove wastewater. (Section C-2.2)

A valve in a combination tub-shower fixture that directs water either to the tub spout or the showerhead. (Section C-1.2)

A shallow tray placed beneath a water heater to collect and direct water from leaks or pressure relief discharge. (Section C-2.2)

A network of pipes that remove wastewater and provide ventilation to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings. (Section C-1.2)

A type of shower arm fitting with mounting ears for secure attachment to wall framing. (Section C-1.2)

A fitting used to anchor the showerhead securely to the wall, often with a female iron pipe thread (FIP). (Section C-1.2)

A heating element inside a water heater that converts electrical energy into heat to warm water. (Section C-2.2)

Diagrams showing the layout of electrical lines, outlets, and fixtures to prevent conflicts with plumbing installations. (Section C-1.2)

A decorative cover or plate used in plumbing to hide gaps or holes around pipes, faucets, or other fixtures. It helps make the area look neat and clean by covering the space where a pipe or fixture meets the wall or surface. Escutcheons are often used in sinks, showers, and toilets to improve the appearance and prevent water from leaking behind the fixture. (Section C-1.1)

A classification system indicating how long a barrier (e.g., firewall, floor) can prevent the spread of fire. (Section C-1.2)

A plumbing device, like a sink or toilet, that uses water. (Section C-1.1)

(Also known as supply risers, supply connectors or supply lines); The flexible pipes that bring water from the main water supply to a plumbing fixture, like a sink, toilet, or shower. They connect the fixture to the water lines, allowing water to flow in and out. These tubes are usually made of materials like copper, stainless steel, or plastic, and they are designed to be easy to install and connect to the fixture. (Section C-1.1)

A type of sink drain connection where a flat, circular rim (flange) helps secure the drain to the sink. (Section C-2.2)

A special valve used in public bathrooms instead of a regular toilet tank. It releases a strong burst of water to flush the toilet or urinal quickly and refills right away, so it can be used often without waiting. Direct-flush valves are a “tankless” design that uses water pressure from the supply line rather than a tank of water to flush the fixture (Figure 10, Section C-1.1)

(Garburator); A device installed under a kitchen sink that uses a motorized grinder to break down food waste into a slurry that can be washed down the drain. (Section C-2.1)

A sealing material used to prevent leaks between two surfaces, such as between a faucet and sink. (Section C-1.2)

Used water from sinks, showers, bathtubs, and washing machines. It is not dirty like toilet water and can sometimes be cleaned and reused for things like watering plants or flushing toilets. (Section C-1.1)

Toilets that use less water to flush but still work just as well as regular toilets. They help save water and lower water bills. (Section C-1.1)

A device that automatically produces ice cubes, commonly found in refrigerators or as standalone units. (Section C-2.1)

A three-dimensional technical drawing that illustrates the layout, connections, and travel path of plumbing pipes. (Section C-1.2)

A recessed box that simplifies connections for washing machine supply lines and drainage. (Section C-1.2)

Sinks with running water used for washing hands and face, usually found in bathrooms. (Section C-1.1)

A threaded fastener used to secure plumbing fixtures and fittings in place. (Section C-1.2)

A device that blends hot and cold water to deliver tempered water at a safe temperature to fixtures. (Section C-2.2)

Plans that depict the layout of supply piping, waste and vent lines, and other mechanical systems within a building. (Section C-1.2)

A continuous bed of mortar used to support the bottom of certain types of bathtubs, such as jetted tubs and whirlpools. (Section C-1.2)

In construction, means cutting a small section out of wood or another material to help pieces fit together properly. It is often done to make space for pipes, wires, or to join beams and boards securely. (Section C-1.1)

A seal placed on the back of the bathtub overflow opening to prevent leaks. (Section C-1.2)

A U-shaped pipe that prevents sewer gases from entering a home by trapping water. (Section C-1.2)

A type of sink supported by a freestanding pedestal that conceals plumbing connections. (Section C-1.2)

A raised edge on a bathtub or shower base that sits behind the finished wall to prevent water from seeping behind the unit. (Section C-1.2)

A detailed plan showing the exact placement of pipes, fittings, and connections needed for plumbing installations. (Section C-1.2)

A pliable sealing compound used to create watertight seals around drains and fixtures. (Section C-1.2)

A drain mechanism with a pivot rod that allows the stopper to be raised or lowered using a lift rod. (Section C-1.2)

A toilet system that uses compressed air to create a stronger flush. As the tank refills, a vessel captures and compresses air, which helps push the water into the bowl more quickly. This results in a more powerful and efficient flush, using less water while improving cleaning performance. (Section C-1.1)

Water that has been used before and cleaned so it can be used again for things like watering plants, flushing toilets, or washing streets. It is not for drinking, but it helps save fresh water. (Section C-1.1)

A water purification process that removes contaminants by forcing water through a semipermeable membrane. (Section C-2.1)

A special type of plumbing pipe that helps prevent bad smells or gases from coming back into a building. It works by trapping a small amount of water in the pipe, but instead of the water being higher, like in a regular trap, it's lower. This helps keep the pipes clear and stops odors from escaping. (Section C-1.1)

The initial stage of plumbing installation before walls and floors are finished. (Section C-1.1)

Manufacturer-provided specifications detailing fixture dimensions, pipe connection points, and installation guidelines. (Section C-1.2)

A set of straps and brackets used to secure a water heater to a structural component to prevent movement during an earthquake. (Section C-2.2)

A sink with a built-in lip or rim that rests on the countertop, requiring minimal installation support. (Section C-1.2)

A vertical pipe that connects to the shower arm and directs water to the showerhead. (Section C-1.2)

A flexible sealant used to waterproof joints and seams, especially in synthetic materials where putty may cause staining. (Section C-1.2)

A part of a toilet that helps flush water quickly and powerfully. It pushes water through a small opening to create suction, which helps remove waste from the bowl. (Section C-1.1)

An electrically controlled valve that regulates the flow of liquids or gases in appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers. (Section C-2.1)

A document that includes technical details about a fixture, including rough-in dimensions and installation requirements. (Section C-1.2)

A vertical section of pipe for washing machine drainage, ensuring proper waste disposal. (Section C-1.2)

A self-contained shower unit with an integrated steam generator for steam bathing. (Section C-2.1)

A shutoff valve used to control the flow of water to an appliance, such as a dishwasher or clothes washer. (Section C-2.2)

A water heater that continuously stores and heats a supply of water in a cylindrical tank. (Section C-2.1)

Plans that indicate load-bearing elements of a building, ensuring that plumbing modifications do not weaken the structure. (Section C-1.2)

(Also called on-demand water heaters); A water heating system that heats water on demand without storing it in a tank. (Section C-2.1)

A small tank installed in a water heating system to absorb excess pressure caused by thermal expansion of water. (Section C-2.2)

A device that controls the temperature of a water heater by regulating the activation of heating elements. (Section C-2.2)

A type of drain flange with threads that allow for a secure connection to plumbing fittings. (Section C-2.2)

The curved pipe at the bottom of a toilet or sink that helps carry away water and waste. It also keeps a little bit of water inside to stop bad smells from coming back up. (Section C-1.1)

A valve used to blend hot and cold water, controlling the flow to a bathtub or shower. (Section C-1.2)

A water purification device that uses UV light to kill bacteria and viruses. (Section C-2.1)

A valve that prevents a water heater tank from collapsing due to negative pressure caused by backsiphonage. (Section C-2.2)

A system in some toilets that helps the flush work more powerfully. It uses air pressure to help pull the waste and water down the drain quickly, using less water. (Section C-1.1)

Also known as vitreous china; a type of very strong and smooth ceramic material made by heating special clay at a very high temperature. This process makes it hard, waterproof, and glass-like, so it doesn’t absorb water and is very durable. It is often used for making sinks, toilets, and tiles. (Section C-1.1)

Plumbing components that connect the bathtub drain to the trap, preventing overflow. (Section C-1.2)

Water that forms when warm air touches a cold surface, like the water droplets on a cold drink. In buildings, this water comes from air conditioners, refrigerators, or pipes and is usually drained away as waste. (Section C-1.1)

Another name for toilets, which are used for flushing away waste. (Section C-1.1)

A device installed on water supply lines to absorb shock and prevent noise caused by the sudden closing of valves. (Section C-2.2)

The top edge of the water inside a toilet or sink drain trap (the trapway's highest point). It helps control the flow of water and keeps some water in the trap to block bad smells from coming back up. (Section C-1.1)

A bathtub equipped with jets that mix air and water to create a massaging effect. (Section C-2.1)

A pipe fitting with mounting wings that allows secure attachment to a backing board, commonly used for shower and tub spouts. (Section C-1.2)